Heart Failure is a chronic disease that can progress to an advanced state. Several studies have shown that referral to a comprehensive heart failure disease management center can improve outcomes. Recognition of the signs and symptoms of advanced heart failure allows for timely referral for advanced heart failure therapies including heart transplant and ventricular assist devices. Using risk models and identifying sentinel clinical features can help clinicians refer patients early allowing for improved outcomes. Comprehensive heart failure disease management programs also can facilitate palliative care interventions for those who are not candidates for or who do not wish advanced therapies.
Renal dysfunction in heart failure portends adverse outcomes and often limits aggressive medical and decongestive therapies. Despite the high prevalence in this population, not all forms of renal dysfunction are prognostically or mechanistically equivalent: renal dysfunction can result from irreversible nephron loss secondary to diabetes or hypertension or it can develop secondary to the heart failure itself, i.e. the cardiorenal syndrome. Unfortunately, limited progress has been made with respect to differentiation of these potential mechanistic subtypes of renal dysfunction. Currently in the field, we are relegated to using serum creatinine as one of the only diagnostic tools which has led to a poor understanding of cardiorenal syndrome and number of failed clinical trials for its treatment. This lecture will cover proposed mechanisms behind cardiorenal dysfunction in heart failure while addressing both flawed metrics in its diagnosis and treatment while also suggesting potential strategies moving forward by focusing on some challenging patient cases.
There has been a recent resurgence in the importance of the diabetes and cardiovascular disease interface. Specifically, new therapies have emerged that have been shown to improve cardiovascular outcomes considerably. Among these therapies are the class of agents called SLGT2 inhibitors. In addition to reducing CV risk in general, there is particular excitement about their potential in the management of patients with heart failure. However, there remains a generally low level understanding of not only how these drugs work but also how the should be prescribed and integrated into clinical practice. This session will address these topics.
This session will review the changes made in the allocation of hearts form transplant that was adopted in October 2018. Maureen will include statistics as provided by UNOS and report on changes in practice that have occurred as a result of the changes in allocation.